Reproductive Freedom And Its Impact On Women s Rights

Faye Wattleton, world renowned author of women’s reproductive rights once said, â€Å"Reproductive freedom is critical to a whole range of issues. If we can’t take charge of this most personal aspect of our lives, we can’t take care of anything. It should not be seen as a privilege or as a benefit, but a fundamental human right.† In many traditional societies around the world, women’s rights regarding their own reproductive choices may seem as limited as their opportunities for them. Cultures in which that deny women s rights and lessen the degree of equality of their gender compared to men, often present reproductive options as a taboo to discuss. This can lead to misperceptions and ignorance about healthy reproductive choices such as birth control and prevention of disease which should be universally acknowledged by women. As expressed by Perez (2015) class notes, every culture defines and understands health differently...we tend to see the world through the prism of or expectations. This is true in the sense that more conservative Middle Eastern cultures may be taught to view health issues differently than most Americans would. Healthcare between cultures is significant to understand; Iran s healthcare market is continuing to expand and assists in the awareness of women s health. This paper will explore the comparisons and contrasts of the Iranian women s reproductive choices and how different aspects of health in the general population affect health in Iran and in theShow MoreRelatedAbortion : The United States1704 Words   |  7 Pagesfundamental right that is guaranteed by the US Constitution. Reproductive rights also give women a sense of empowerment, as they are in control of their bodies. Concluding with these, death and injury rates to women have decreased a significant amount as now abortions are easier to obtain and the procedures are far more safer. During the 1973, Roe V. Wade court case, abortion became one of the most controversial issues in the United States. Since this, it is declared a fundamental right protectedRead MoreMandated Coverage For Birth Control On Health Insurance Plans957 Words   |  4 PagesDebates are ongoing in the United States as more laws and restrictions are implemented on reproductive care. In 2014 there was a heated debate on whether there should be a mandated coverage for birth control on health insurance plans. According to a survey by the University of Michigan Health System, 69% of adults in the United States support this requirement in health insurance plans and the people who oppose this requirement is less than 10%. There have been other laws made by states recentlyRead MoreThe Handmaids Tale Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe novel quot;The Handmaid#39;s Talequot; written by Margaret Atwood in 1985 is a fictional novel about Gilead, a place ruled by male religious fundamentalists who rape women labeled as handmaids to bear children for infertile wives. The society encourages the enslavement of women to control their reproductive rights. While Atwood’s novel depicts a fictional place, it describes a very real reality in modern day America. In America and other parts other world, women are constantly treated as inferiorRead MoreA Proposal For A Legalization Of Abortion1585 Words   |  7 Pages Executive Summary The purpose of this policy paper is to address the egregious violation of rights that Ireland has submitted it’s citizens to by outlawing abortion procedures. This proposal calls primarily for a decriminalization of abortion and for the government to examine the religiosity of both Ireland’s political administration and the cultural view of abortion. The 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act fails to protect the maternal health of woman and is failing due to the vaguenessRead MoreBreakdown The Global Issue Of Health904 Words   |  4 Pageschapter broadens the definition of healthcare to not only just fighting off diseases, but also takes the well being of human being into consideration. The major problems we encounter today in the world are in nutritional health, infectious diseases, reproductive health, and mental health issues. The chapter also breaks down each major problem and how it might have different effects based on the regions, and the role of educa tion in healthcare. We see throughout the chapter how problems affect the developedRead MoreThe Protestant Denomination Of The United States1656 Words   |  7 Pagesthe non- Christian. In the 1990’s; the court decided a similar case in favor of government in â€Å"Employment Division v. Smith,† over religious freedom. Traditionally, Constitutional provisions against breach of one’s right as a Christian have been adequately safe guarded since these beginning of our democracy. A controversial enactment followed, because congress believed that the court’s decision would grant an overreaching power to the government. The Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) for thatRead MoreSexual Revolution, By Beth Bailey1505 Words   |  7 PagesBailey, Beth. Sex in the Heartland. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: Harvard University Press, 1999. In the book Sex in the Heartland, the author Beth Bailey provides the reader with a distinct, detailed, and informative read of the impact in which the sexual revolution had on American culture during the 1960’s.This revolution took place in the town of Lawrence, Kansas, which Bailey refers to as the heartland of America. As Bailey states in her introduction, â€Å"Kansas is the quintessentialRead MoreAmericas Family Planning Programs1534 Words   |  7 Pagesis that families only provide economical benefits and development for the country. A decline in population means that the government can invest more â€Å"per capita in education and health, thus creating the human capital for sustained economic growth† (S. Sinding, 08). The Government â€Å"planned population numbers in the same way it planned the production of goods† (Anders, 2014), which resulted in physical and emotional turmoil for families across the world. Countries differ in conventional family criteriaRead MoreGender Inequality : A Is A Man s World1157 Words   |  5 Pagesargues, there is an undeniable truth is that this is a man’s world. Women are always one step behind men because society has not accepted the fact that women are just as capable. Women are generally disadvantaged or excluded regarding decision-making and access to economic and social resources. It is critical that we acknowledge that gender inequality exists and address the power imbalances, thus allowing access to opportunities, rights and obligations in all spheres of life to be no longer dependentRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1265 Words   |  6 Pagesstands in the way of women being equal to men? Journalist Carlin Flora suggests the following, â€Å"While not all claims to humanity are universal and no one context, culture or continent can truly represent all peoples, the following three examples from very different contexts, cultures and continents show that some violations of women’s human rights are universal. In particular, it is still the case the world over that a woman’s reproductive rights, which impact on her right to life, are still seen

Union Carbide India Limited Free Essays

It all started with the manufacturing of flash light batteries in Calcutta by the Eveready Company Limited of Great Britain. Later on this company became a subsidiary of UCC headquartered in New York. The company later adopted the new name of Union Carbide India limited and also established a factory in India to manufacture flash lights along with expansion of its capacity to manufacture dry-cell batteries. We will write a custom essay sample on Union Carbide India Limited or any similar topic only for you Order Now The company progressed and by the eighties they were involved in batteries, carbon and metals, plastics, marine products, and agricultural chemicals. UCIL established fifteen plants in different parts of India. To expand its agricultural division UCIL sought permission of Indian government to allow them to set up a pesticide plant. Initially the plant was started near the city of Trombay but later on switched to Bhopal. The plant in the beginning imported Sevin powder from the United States diluted it with non-toxic powder and sold it. Later the Indian government pressurized UCIL to manufacture Sevein and its components in India. That’s how the Bhopal plant expanded and the investment in the plant increased from initial $1 million to $25 million. The company made its mark among all companies present in India in terms of Sales. In Bhopal the UCIL factory was like any other process plant with storage tanks, hoppers and reactors connected by pipes, pumps, valves and ducts. Sevin was made through a chemical reaction between alpha-naphthol and methyl isocyanate, MIC. MIC is a highly reactive liquid that boils and becomes a gas above day time temperatures. UCC was the world leader in MIC technology and provided essentially al the process design for the plant but did not send engineers to supervise the construction. The alpha-naphthol unit began experiencing some problems. Also the sales were started going down in the beginning of 80s due to various reasons. Due to the decline in sales the unit started having losses. The staff at the MIC was cut from twelve operators on a shift to six. The maintenance team was reduced in size. In a number of instances, faulty safety devices remained unrepaired for weeks. The plant was running at far below capacity. The company seriously started making plans for dismantling the plant and shipping it to some other region. UCIL was located in Bhopal where there was a shanty town inhabiting thousands of India’s poorest citizens. In the South of Bhopal wealthy Indians lived in their elegant houses. MIC the main component used to prepare Sevin was made at the plant by reacting Phosgene gas with another chemical but the system had been idle. The MIC was being used from ‘charge-pot’ which was periodically resupplied from either of two different tanks. Operators had experienced difficulty in pressurizing one of the tanks. At the night of the incident, several hundred gallons of water entered in this particular tank. The water reacted with MIC producing heat and gas. A relief valve soon lifted and MIC vapor began flowing through vent headers and out a discharge stack. Some workers reported to supervisors that their eyes began to water because of possible leak of MIC. Supervisors found what they believed was the source and they set up a fire hose to spray water on the suspected leak. The water curtain that may have reduced the concentration of the gas was only set to ~13 m and did not reach the gas; it was not designed to contain a leak of such magnitude. The supervisors retired to the company canteens in violations of instructions not to take their break together. The supervisors were later called when the tank was rumbling with increasing pressure but it was too late for them to take any concrete action. MIC vapor were billowing from an atmospheric vent in the air. The cloud of deadly white gas was carried by the northeast wind toward the shanties on the south side of the plant. On the cold night cold of December 03, 1984, MIC settled toward ground. The gaseous fumes reached the huts resulting in panic and confusion. Many of the weak and elderly died where they lay blinded and smothered by the acrid fumes. Though the audible external alarm was activated to warn residents of Bhopal, it was quickly shut down to avoid causing panic among the residents. Thus, many continued to sleep, unaware of the unfolding drama. However, as the words of the gas leak spread, many of the Bhopal’s affluent citizens fled in their cars while poor were left behind. An estimated 2000 or more died that deadly night while over 200,000 were injured. Doctors and hospitals were not informed of proper treatment methods for MIC gas inhalation. They were told to simply give cough medicine and eye drops to their patients. Confused crowds waited outside hospitals outside the hospitals for medical care. The plant on the other hand, later on, was closed and locked. The citizens of Bhopal remained totally shocked by the turn of events. Soon after the incident blame game started. UCC referred to deliberate act as a possible cause of the water entry. Later the company suggested that a Sikh terrorist group might have sabotaged the plant. A representative of UCC’s investigation team suggested that the gas was formed when a disgruntled plant employee, apparently bent on spoiling a batch of methyl isocyanate, added water to a storage tank. There were many theories started flowing around. UCC and UCIL executives were charged in India with manslaughter and other crimes. UCC chairmen Anderson along with the head of UCIL was arrested and briefly detained by Indian officials when they went to India after the incident. Several UCIL employees were also arrested and CBI began criminal investigation. A number of US and Indian lawyers rushed to sign up gas victims and their relatives as clients. Different class action lawsuits were filed in the United Sates on behalf of the victims of disaster. In March 1985, India enacted the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster Act, giving UOI the exclusive right to represent the victims. Finally, In an out-of-court settlement reached, Union Carbide agreed to pay $470 million for damages caused in the Bhopal disaster. As we know from the background of the case that refrigeration unit was not working, safety devices were not working, safety standards and operating procedures were not im place, maintenance was poor, downsizing took place and less qualified personnel were hired. These issues indicate that the problem lied at the management level. Inefficient operation shows that there was absence of even basic management. The day to day operations were not carried out according to the general standards and norms then what can be said about disaster planning or planning for dealing with an unforeseen event. At UCIL the local management should have taken the complete responsibility of the diaster as they failed to maintain even the basic principles of management. Even though foreigners were on the board of directors but it was not the responsibility of the board member to run day to day operations. The whole blame was put on foreigners and forign board and the case became one of the most talked about industrialized disaster in the history. The plant was purely run by the Indian local managers and it was the responsibility of such managers to maintain the basic standards. This incident would not have happened had management been active in implementing the basic levels of management. Ideally there should be a contingency plan in place to deal with the possible disasters. In plants dealing with chemicals there is always a possibility of accidents and disasters of any proportion. It was naive of the management to forget about the contingency measures. On another level the government of India also played the political part and tried to trap foreign board in the incident while forgetting that primary responsibility lied on management on ground. Foreign board in Bhopal’s case also on the hand tried to safegurd its image as the issue was discussed on all forums There had been many accidents of similar nature in UCC’s American plants prior to the Bhopal accident but they did not get much publicity and were not blown out of proportion because they were tackled at the management level on ground. As later there was a ruling that the case should be tried in India. The company denied every charge leveled against UCC and pointed out that no US citizen had been employed there 2 years before the disaster. Foreign board definitely had the moral responsibility of the incident but they cannot be blamed for failed day to day operations. The case reminds us that on the first level basic management should function and operations should be efficiently run. However the management responsibility does not end here. Management should be on toes and keep on scanning both external and internal environmental factors. There should be contingency plans in place to deal with possible mishaps or disasters. How to cite Union Carbide India Limited, Essay examples

Fundamentals of Public Administration Communication Flow

Question: Discuss about theFundamentals of Public Administrationfor Communication Flow. Answer: Introduction The concept of public administration is fundamental in most government organizations as it acts as the lens which ensures that state operations are carried out diligently to serve the interest of the public. With proper management of organizations, public administration ensures that there is proper coordination and communication flow within firms. This paper, therefore, provides discussions on public administration, the hierarchy of a public organization and its management system and flow of communication. Fundamentals of Public Administration Public Administration Kuipers and associates (2014) defined public administration as those operations that are geared towards the fulfillment of public policy. It comprises of the branches of a government, and these are the executive, judiciary, and the legislature. Frederickson and his colleagues (2015) considered public administration as a comprehensive and systematic application of the law to ensure adherence to rules, regulation and policies. From the contexts of an organization, public administration can be considered as that part of management that ensures that a companys mission, vision, and goals are attained through careful planning and implementation of policies. Hierarchy of Dubai Holdings At the helm of the company is the firms chairman who is also the cabinet minister for Affairs and The Future of the Federal Government of the United Arab Emirates. One step below is the vice chairman who is also the Managing Director (Campbell, 2014). Below the two top hierarchies of leaders, the company has eight departmental heads that have the responsibility for controlling the operations of the departments and reporting to the Chairman. The Management System of Dubai Holdings The company is headed by a chairman who acts as the president of the company and oversees all the operations of the firm with all the team. The company has a vice chairman who is also the Managing Director. The firm has two chief executive directors who are mandated to head the board of directors who oversees the general operations of the management to ensure activities are according to plan (Campbell, 2014). The departmental heads include, a finance officer, Business development officer, chief internal audit officer, chief strategy officer, chief marketing officer, chief legal officer, chief operating officer and lowest rank of management is the head of tourism and hospitality (Campbell, 2014). The Overall Role of Management in an Efficient Work Processes For effective work process in an organization, the senior managers should be enthusiastic and in complete support of a new process. To identify these new process ideas among workers, the managers should have relevant and frequent performance conversations with departmental heads that are close to the workers (Goetsch Davis, 2014). Additionally, the management should be a good communicator and deliver productive feedbacks to employees to motivate them and also to highlight the expectations and code of conduct. The management should continuously retrain its workers so as to enhance their professionalism and career development which improves their productivity. Flow of Communication within the Dubai Holdings Dubai Holding has both vertical and horizontal modes of communications. Any important communication concerning restructuring of companys operations or branches flows vertically from the chairman who then conveys the information down to the concerned departmental heads for implementation and also to the other branches such as Jumeirah Central (Campbell, 2014). The departmental heads then convey the information to the workers under their management. Vertical communication also occurs when the workers grievances and communicated upwards to the companys chairman for action if the departmental heads cannot handle the issue. Horizontal communication occurs when the departmental heads communicate issues affecting either the workers or the operations among themselves. Conclusion The paper has clearly illustrated the fundamentals of public administration and its importance in public organization. Additionally, proper management in organizations contributes highly in achieving its objectives and coupled with the public administration; firms attain their missions. References Campbell, S. K. (2014). The Impact of Federal Government Oversight on the Economies of Dubai and Doha. The International Journal of Business Management, 2(9), 180. Frederickson, H. G., Smith, K. B., Larimer, C. W., Licari, M. (2015). The public administration theory primer. New York: Westview Press. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. New Jersey: Pearson. Kuipers, B. S., Higgs, M., Kickert, W., Tummers, L., Grandia, J., Van der Voet, J. (2014). The management of change in public organizations: A literature review. Public Administration, 92(1), 1-20.

What is Buddhism Essay Example For Students

What is Buddhism? Essay Buddhism is a path of teaching and practice. Buddhist practices such asmeditation are means of changing oneself in order to develop the qualities ofawareness, kindness, and wisdom. The experience developed within the Buddhisttradition over thousands of years has created an incomparable resource for allthose who wish to follow the path of spiritual development. Ultimately, theBuddhist path culminates in Enlightenment or Buddhahood. Who was the Buddha?The word Buddha is a title not a name. It means one who is awake inthe sense of having woken up to reality. The title was first given to a mancalled Siddharta Guatemala, who lived about 2,500 years ago in Northern India. When he was 35 he found Enlightenment whist in profound mediation, aftersearching for years. In the next 45 years of his life he spent it travelingthrough India teaching his way of life. His teaching is known as Buddha-dharma. We will write a custom essay on What is Buddhism? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Traveling from place to place, the Buddha gained many disciples. Theyalso taught of the enlightment, and the chain has continued on to this presentday. The Buddha was not a God, and he made no claim to divinity. There is noconcept of a creator in Buddhism. He was a human being who, thought tremendousefforts, transformed himself. The state of Enlightenment which he reached has three main facets. Itis a state of wisdom, of insight into the true nature of things. It is also asource or boundless compassion, manifesting itself in activity for the benefitof all beings. and it the total liberation of all the energies of the mind andthe body so they are at the service of the fully conscious mind. What Happened After the Buddhas Death?Buddhism died out in India a thousand years ago, though it has recentlyrevived. In the last century Buddhism has emphatically arrived in the West andup to one million westerners have become Buddhists. What Does Buddhism Teach?Buddhism sees life as being in process of constant change and itspractices aim to take advantage of this fact. It means that one can change forthe better. The decisive factor in changing ourselves is the mind and Buddhismhas developed many methods for working on the mind. Most importantly, Buddhistspractice meditation which is a way of developing more positive states of mindwhich are characterized by calm, concentration, awareness, and emotions such asfriendliness. How do you become a Buddhist?To become a Buddhist in the full sense means committing oneself to thecentral ideas of Buddhism. The Buddhist path is open to all equally: men andwomen, young and old, people of all nationalities, races and backgrounds. RebirthRebirth in the Six RealmsBuddhism teaches that birth, death and rebirth are part of thecontinuing process of change. The is similar to the continuous process ofgrowth, decay, and replacement of cells in ones body. According to medicalexperts, after every seven years, all the cells in ones body are replaced bynew ones. At the moment of death, and the body can no longer survive, the mind isseparated from the body. At that time, the craving for lives causes one to seeka new existence, and the karma done previously determine the place of onesrebirth. There are six realms which one may be reborn after death. They are therealms of gods, the demigods, human beings, animals, hungry ghosts, and thehells. In general, wholesome actions like good conduct, charity, a and mentaldevelopment, are the cause of rebirth in the happy realms of gods, demigods, andhuman beings. On the other hand, unwholesome actions like immoral conduct,miserliness and cruelty cause rebirth in the unhappy realm of animals, hungryghosts and the hells. .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7 , .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7 .postImageUrl , .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7 , .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7:hover , .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7:visited , .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7:active { border:0!important; } .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7:active , .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7 .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c7a4ed1f68235071486d80481bcd7f7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Scarlet Letter 4 = EssayOf all the six realms, the realm of human beings is considered the mostdesirable. In the realm of human beings, the conditions for attaining Nirvanaare better. In general, in the unhappy realms, the suffering of living beingsis so intense and their ignorance so great that they are unable to recognize theTruth and follow the path to attain freedom. Alternatively, living beings in therealms of the gods and demigods experience so much happiness and have so manydistractions that they do not think of rebirth until it is too late. Then theymay be reborn in one of the lower realms of suffering. In the realm of humanbeings, however, people experience both h appiness and suffering, and areintelligent enough to recognize the Truth and follow the path to attain freedomfrom the cycle of birth and death. Therefore, one is indeed fortunate to beborn as a human being, and should remember that the principal cause of birth inthe realm is Good Conduct. The Cycle of Birth and DeathThe Buddha pointed out that whenever one is reborn, whether as a humanbeing, as an animal, or as a god, non of these states of exticence is permanent. The average life span of the living beings in the six realms of existence differbut none of them lasts forever. Eventually, rebirth will take place. The realminto which one is reborn and ones conditions of rebirth are determined by onespast and present actions. This is the law of Karma at work. Because of the force of their karma, people are born are rebornendlessly, in one realm of existence or in another. The Buddha declared thatthere is no permanent rest in the cycle of birth and death. It is only when onefollows the Noble Eightfold path taught by the Buddha and eventually attainsNirvana, that one finally becomes free from the ceaseless cycle and gainssupreme and permanent happiness. KarmaKarma is the law of moral causation. It is action and reaction in theethical realm. It is natural law that every action produces a certain effect. So if one performs wholesome actions, one will experience happiness. on theother hand, if one performs unwholesome actions, one will experience suffering. The is the law of cause and effect at work. In this way, the effect of onespast karma determine that nature of ones present situation in life. Category: Religion

How To Write A Good Precis Essays

How To Write A Good Precis Essays How To Write A Good Precis Paper How To Write A Good Precis Paper Nowadays, precis is a common thing in the educational sphere. Students are required to write such work as it shows their level of the understanding and creativity. In other words, the rhetorical prà ©cis is a summary of the original piece that should comprise the main point and problem. An author should be aware of the primary source and submit the information that conveys its plot. Another key thing to know is that you have to follow the rigid to complete this mission successfully. How to write a precis? Pay attention to the information below as we dedicated it to the main points and steps of the precis you have to write. Moreover, you can develop your skills and broaden erudition as we have collected up to date and credible facts. Hope you will enjoy. How to write a precis? Let’s start with the structure and specificity of this task Present the original work Dedicate the first sentence and paragraph to the introduction of the author and title of the work. Also, you have to include the genre and publication date. Such thing will prove readers that they have free access to the original text. Moreover, it will help them get acquaintance with it. To make the beginning more interesting, we highly recommend you to include some facts about the author and his/her contribution to the development of literature. Do not write the wordage and boring biography as it will annoy the readers. It is better to include some interesting information that will attract the target audience. You have to use the verbs that illustrate the author position or action, for instance, assert, argue, prove, disprove, and explains the main idea. Despite the fact that the original work may not contain the thesis and topic sentence, your task is to read the source carefully and do the thesis about the basic author’s claim and point. Describe the way author supports the thesis As a rule, the second or third sentence should illustrate how the author develops the thesis. It is an essential thing as such information helps readers compare your and author position. We highly recommend you to focus attention on the main methods that the author used rather than the direct details. Your task is to convey the main concept of the author’s position in the main content. That is a kind of forbidden thing to restate his/her assumptions. Common knowledge is that audience can read the source by themselves and get acquainted with the author’s position. That is why do not duplicate the information. Try to be creative and present new interpretation of the known material. Be sure that it is far more interesting to read the personal opinion of the writer rather than the borrowed author’s thoughts. This is the smallest part of how to write a precis. Present the aim of the writing The third sentence should convey the primary purpose of the original writing. The main reason for it is that the reader has to be aware of the role and practical implementation of the work. When you write the prà ©cis, your purpose should differ from the thesis as you have to show the author’s motive of the piece. The target audience will also compare whether your aim coincides the original. Use the phrase â€Å"in order to† as it will hint reader which sentence is devoted to the purpose. It will make the precis structure clear and precise. Identify the intended audience The fourth and last sentence aims to show the audience and reveal the author’s relationship. As a rule, the original paper doesn’t include the data of the intended audience. It is your essential task as you have to research and conclude how the author chooses readers. It is easy to identify with the help of language, references, and structure. Use your analytical thinking and make a wise choice. The core of good precis writing Now it is a high time to speak about some steps that will show how to write a precis. Let’s get started and find out some precis essay example. Arm yourself with patience You have to read the original work one more time and realize whether each key idea is understandable for you. If it is crucial make some notes to be aware of each important point of the piece. There are moments that after re-reading the inspiration comes and writer has new ideas. Scan the paper with eyes without reading and try to divide it into several sections, for instance, heading, subheadings, and the main portion of information. Clear up the unknown terms and phrases with the help of the article and encyclopedia. Such method will improve your knowledge and allow to broaden the erudition. After scanning, read the work one more time and decide which of sections you will use in your writing. Highlight the key ideas but do not copy them. Try to create an original paper that is why rephrase the crucial statements, do not copy them. Clarify the details before start progress. Do not be lazy and read the work several times as the information can be unfamiliar to you. There are moments when the students skip this crucial stage and write the facts that don’t coincide the original paper. To avoid such â€Å"disaster† read and learn all that is important for writing. After each time you re-read the paper compare your notes and add some facts that you have missed. At the first glimpse, it seems unreasonable, but we ensure you that it will make your paper professional. Make a summary of each section Now you can summarize your notes and single out the necessary information for each section. Do not make it wordage as it is a type of outline. Each sentence should be logically-built and comprise the supporting evidence and major facts. Do not include minor facts as they can distract your attention. Even if the details are interesting, we invoke you not to submit them. Try not to return to original paper and summarize the writing using your notes. It will help you avoid plagiarism and make the paper rich in your thoughts. Try to tell your professor about the uniqueness of paper. Restate the thesis Rewrite the thesis without changing the main meaning. You have to borrow only the main idea from the author and restate it in your own words. When you determine the author sentence, reflect the purpose as well. Single out which crucial arguments should be highlighted. Start writing your precis. Combine the evidence, arguments, and other key information that should restate the thesis. Do not forget about the title and subheadings as they should start each section. Follow the four-sentence structure and submit precise facts. It will make the paper qualitative and well-structured. Do not forget to state the purpose. Review and proofread This step is crucial as you have to polish your paper and fix all misspellings, punctuation and grammar mistakes. Pay attention to your content as it should convey the main thought and idea of the writing. It is a forbidden thing to lose the original meaning and aim of the paper. Check your language, voice, and tone. They should be similar to authors. Try to check the language used in the paper. Additional pieces of advice about how to write a precis Follow the length requirements. In the most cases, the precis is not wordage piece that consists of 100-200 words. The winning method is to use the four-sentence outline that presents the main information. In case of longer writing, you should find more evidence and facts to make the paper diverse. You need to re-read an original work and find new facts that are essential for the paper. Your task is to expand the paragraphs and topic sentence. Do not forget that the longer structure doesn’t mean adding minor facts. It is a type of challenge where you have to brainstorm more paragraphs. Use the present tense. Do not make the structure of the paper convoluted. Try to be precise that is why we highly recommend you to use present tense throughout all paragraphs. Moreover, try to avoid passive voice and use active. Of course, there is moment when you describe some scientific research or experiment, and it is impossible to rephrase passive voice; do not worry it is a common case. All author’s assumptions, positions, and thoughts should be in the present. Do not write â€Å"He stated,† it is better to use â€Å"He states.† Be sure that you will attract more readers. Avoid quotation It may sound funny, but quotations will mess up your paper. It is better to summarize each sentence and even the direct speech. Everybody will agree that target audience appreciates such things. It is essential to title the work as such thing attracts readers a lot. Leave your own opinions You should know the strict requirements of the paper. In our case, it is precis that is why you cannot evaluate the paper and submit your attitude to the author. You are not the original creator that is why your task is just to except the existed information. It is not your duty to deny or support the claims. In connection with the fact that it is a type of summary, your task is to restate the piece without your feedbacks and testimonials. Hope you understand the main essence of the good prà ©cis. The effectiveness and quality of the paper depend on you. Make the best final result. Do you still hesitate how to write a precis?

Assignment On British Petroleum

Assignment On British Petroleum This Paper will concentrate on the organisation known as British oil typically referred to as British petroleum. This reason for this paper would be to examine and evaluate and analyse the present proper position of British petroleum inside the industry also once we proceed further we shall also consider the environment analysis, structural determinants from the concentration of your competition, structural analysis and competitive means of British petroleum, The entire paper continues to be split into three parts, simply one we consider the general analytical techniques like SWOT, PESTEL, suggested by M.E porter , latter simply two British petroleum is going to be analysed within the light of ansoff matrix and BCG matrix, and also the porters five forces, the ultimate part includes suggestions regarding the above mentioned analysis Introduction :- â€Å"BP is among the world’s leading worldwide gas and oil companies, supplying its clients with fuel for transportation, energ y for warmth and lightweight, retail services and petrochemicals items for everyday items† http://world wide web.british petroleum.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=3&contentId=2006926 British oil well referred to as British petroleum is world’s major gas and oil company, it is among the the world third biggest company (source Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British petroleum) it’s well know brand worldwide, as well as in business realm it’s much referred to as a corporation that has been positively taking part in vertical integration approach in each and every section of fuel industry, which includes excavation of oil and extraction and production refining distribution energy generation and buying and selling, lately British petroleum continues to be positively including in the introduction of alternative energy assets because it is thought through the finish of the century all of the mobile phone industry’s reserves of conservative f uel deposits will vanish, however British petroleum has its own operation going through in 80 different nations and created roughly 4 million barrels of oil, Bp’s biggest maket share is within u . s . states mind quarted in Houston, the organization continues to be alleged for that threat of environment and safety concern following a recent spill in gulf, British petroleum may be the first company to understand the the long run interest in energy is anticipated to improve by 50% with within the next 2 decades as well as on the British petroleum website it’s mentioned the 85% from the energy demands is going to be met through the non-renewable fuels Medicare Part A:- British petroleum SWOT ANALYSIS: Talents: BP’s History/brand:- British petroleum Among the mobile phone industry’s well know brand that has been operating in the industry forever from the 1800s but formally referred to as Anglo- Iranian oil company , its history itself dictates its stability w ith in the industry, it includes a strong holds within the u . s . states market among the biggest consumer of gas and oil on the planet also Bigger producer within the Gulf:- As British petroleum is has its own strong root hold within the American market the organization features its own refining market and distribution channels thus it features a unique and formidable infrastructure, with the network of their subsidiaries making rivals daunting

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Case study - Essay Example Management and control of the economy got remodeled, monetary financial systems were introduced, private banking and hard currency system came into existance, customs regulations were relaxed and there were also attempts to promote foreign trade. All these became part of the new economy. The Revdan enterprise was no more functioning within governmental planning that ensured supply of raw materials and provided marketing facilities. Owing to the collapse of the industrial base of the Commonwealth of Independent States, demand for the products manufactured by Revda declined by upto 80 percent. When Ivan tried to introduce new products using new technologies to get over this, one hurdle he faced was that some technologies could not be handled by the visually disabled. ... 2. Information on the opportunities provided by the changes in the economy can help carry out planning at production and marketing levels. 3. Information on the scope of foreign investment in Revda can help decide upon new avenues of growth 4. Information gathered from an extensive evaluation of the company can help the future planning process. 5. Information on the most successful advertising mix in the new economy will enable effective utilization of money set aside for promotion 6. Information on new technologies and cost-reduction techniques will help redesign the product range and reduce the cost. Q3 Explain (in detail) how you would go about obtaining the information you have identified in q2 Market research is the method by which the data listed in question 2 can be gathered. The research problem will be centered on the marketing failures and challenges faced by the company. A cost-benefit analysis will determine the value of the research as against the cost that goes into it. The value will depend on the degree of newness and hence uncertainty in the environment, the degree of complexity of environment, strategic importance and cost of making wrong decisions, the degree of importance the company attaches to the decisions that have to be made and the caution that cost of research project should never rise above the value of the results. The focus of the research will be to find out consumer demand pattern, new market-savvy technologies, opportunities presented by the changed socio-politico-economic environment, and new and effective marketing strategies for Revda Enterprise. Through obtaining authentic data on these aspects, the objectives of this

Importance Of The Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Importance Of The Education - Essay Example Consequently, they adapt easily to their environment, hence promoting their success. Further, the liberal education grants the learners the ability to get involved in more than a single field. This follows the different skills acquired that help the students to change their careers whenever viable opportunities arise. Liberal studies also give individuals opportunities to pursue their passions in life. Involvement in one’s passion increases the motivation of the individual. Therefore, an individual strives to give the best, which contributes to success in life. Given the continued advancements in technology, students get equipped with skills that apply widely, instead of specific skills that may get outdated with time. As a result, the individuals remain relevant to the society as they draw on the universal skills to cope with the changing times in the society. In â€Å"Behind the Boom in Chinese Students at U.S. Colleges,† Naomi Rovnick argues that Chinese students who acquire an American education have a better chance of being employed by western companies in China because they acquire ‘a broader cultural perspective’, which makes it easier for them to get integrated into such companies. The fact that â€Å"multinationals tend to prefer hiring sea turtles because they come with better inter-cultural skills† explains this (Rovnick 1). Then they go to study, the students get to learn how to relate with people from different cultures, thus enlarging the perspectives they hold in life.

Crisis of Modernity and Mutations of Sovereignty Essay Example for Free

Crisis of Modernity and Mutations of Sovereignty Essay As we live in the postmodern stage of capitalism, the crisis modernity has been deeply felt at the realm of sovereignty. It is because of the fact that the crisis of modernity is same time a crisis of nation state as well. Modernity was not only characterized by imperialism but also the by the emergence of nation states as a direct result of anti-colonial struggles. Sovereignty sans Nation States However, at present, the nation state is in the retreat. The Weberian idea of nation state as the sole monopoliser of legitimate means of violence has become a thing of past. While pointing out the rise of global capitalist hierarchy, Hardt and Negri assert that â€Å"the end of [modern] colonialism is also the end of the modern world and modern regimes of rule† (Hardt Negri, 2000, p. 134). It is not only the multilevel governance by intergovernmental institutions such as World Bank and IMF but also by the perpetrators of notions such as humanitarian intervention and just war, the nation state is being effectively surpassed. The gradual withering away of the nation state of course does not lead into the end of sovereignty. It is merely a shift from the postcolonial formal sovereignty to the real sovereignty of empire as we live through the stage total subsumption by capital. The imperial sovereignty which is originated fro the crisis of modernity is characterized by the network model of expansionist power. According to Hardt and Negri, power within the empire is not limited by the fixed boundaries. On the contrary, the imperial power â€Å"finds the logic of its order always renewed and always re-created in expansion† (ibid, p. 167). Therefore, imperial sovereignty (re)creates its own borders beyond its borders. Conclusion As modernity was characterized by colonial sovereignty of the imperialist powers, it needed nation states to function within the boundaries. But, the passage from modernity to postmodernity supersedes the nation states for the imperial sovereignty which is an open network of power. Reference Hardt, Michael, And Negri, Antonio, (2000) Empire, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

farming :: essays research papers

Farming I am doing my paper on farming because that is my job and the pay gets s me through college. Farming is a very important and a very hard job at times. A lot of farmers don’t get much credit for all the work they do and they don’t get much pay for it either. When most farmers grow in age they start to get crippled and start to get arthritis. All farmers have a few stories about their experiences on the farm. I am going to tell you about some of mine and some of my boss’s. The other things I am going to wrote about in this paper is some of the equipment we use, the number of cows he milks, the animals he has on his farm, stuff about his family and himself. The farm I work at is located by Gilman, Wisconsin. It is one of the biggest farms in that area. The farm that I work on is owned by Earl Oberlin. He is fifty-five years old and has been farming for more than twenty years; before he started farming he haled gravel for a place called Olympics Trucking. He worked there for ten years and really didn’t like it a hole lot. He has four kids and there are three boys and one girl. He has been married for about twenty-five years and his wife is an Elementary Pry. Ed. teacher G-man. The names of his kids are Shauna, Dave, Chad, Dinettes, and his wife’s name is Mrs. Obverse. He started out milking cows with just pipe line and regular milers. Now he uses automatic take off millers and that is lot easier on his back that is why he said he got them. He uses seven milers while he only milks about sixty-four cows and that only takes us on a good day about an hour in a half. Earl owns about three hundred and fifty acres of land at this point and most of it is farmland that he uses for crops. He has Twenty calves and twelve heifers in his barn right now. Some of the machines that he uses are a TMR mixer that mixes all of the feed for the cows up and there is an elevator that comes off the end of the mixer and puts it in the bunk were the cows go to eat it.

Henry VIII and his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1529 Essay

Explain why Henry VIII wanted to end his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1529. It could be argued that Henry VIII wanted a divorce from Catherine in favour of a younger, more intelligent Anne. Henry’s extensive letter writing to Anne despite his hatred for writing backs this up. This is Henry’s divorce from Anne can be summed up in three main arguments. Firstly, Henry’s infatuation with Anne Boleyn, an intelligent and charming young woman. It is evident of Henry’s deep love for Anne, by means of his multitude of love letters written to her, despite his hatred for writing. However, it can also be argued that Anne was merely catalyst for a revolution already in the process. It is believed that Henry had already stopped sleeping with Catherine before he began to court Anne. This is evidence of Henry’s growing despair as to the chance of a male heir by Catherine. Furthermore, it’s believed that Henry had already began the process of seeking an annulment before he’d fallen in love with Anne, again showing Anne to be a mere catalyst. After Henry ceased to sleep with Catherine, he began searching for further ways of securing the future of his dynasty. He knew from the reign of his father that the lack of a clear successor caused civil unrest – there were many people vying for control of the crown. It is clear that Henry was desperate to prevent this, therefore in his desperation he went to great lengths to set his illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy, as his heir. He was granted the title Duke of Richmond – a great honour. Henry’s lack of an heir was obviously a large reason for his divorce, and with Catherine’s age putting to rest the question of further children Henry grew distressed, his second choice for dynastic security was his only trueborn child, Mary. However, with Mary’s legitimacy questioned by the French it was doubtful she could be acknowledged as the rightful heir. Nonetheless, it could be argued that Henry’s frantic search for an heir was futile due to the existence of Henry Fitzroy, having already been made Duke by Henry. However, Henry was attuned to the fact he required a legitimate heir and a baseborn bastard son would not be recognised in the eyes of the nobility. The final argument for Henry’s divorce is his conscience. Linking back to Henry’s need for a legitimate heir he began to feel doubts as to Mary’s legitimacy – was King Francis right? This formed the base of his argument for annulment, Leviticus 20:21 states, â€Å"If a man shall take his brother’s wife†¦ they shall be without children†. This discounted Mary as successor to the throne – she was the offspring of an â€Å"unclean† marriage. Henry truly believed in the voracity of Leviticus, shown by his patience shown towards the hope in granting his annulment – he waited 5 years to no avail – without attempting any other, non-Catholic methods of ending his marriage. Despite the importance of a legitimate male heir, the evidence points to the fact that Henry was driven by his conscience, Anne was merely the catalyst for his divorce, as he had stopped sleeping with Catherine before he was in love with Anne, she merely caused him to look for more radical solutions.

Discuss – Whether or not we should use animals

The use of animals for medical research is a debatable issue with some claiming that for the benefit of science, medical research needs animals and testing on animals is a necessity for the progress of science. Others argue that it is unethical to use animals and any other form of life as some of this research would involve killing of the animals and this is completely unacceptable even for the sake of progress of science. Other alternative methods to killing and using animals should be used for research and study and animals should not be directly used, abused and killed. In fact people advocating protection of wild life and related policies are against the capture and indiscriminate use of nature’s resources even if it is in the grab of betterment for humanity.   This essay deals with both sides of the debate showing the advantages and disadvantages of using animals for testing for betterment and advancement of medical research.Part IWhy animal testing is plausible and can be usedIn most cases, most pharmaceutical companies try new drugs on animals first and also try new chemicals or use animal anatomy to understand human anatomy. Many people believe that medical research as practised by big pharmaceutical companies use animals unethically for business gains and profits. The medical companies have their own research and development units where new drugs are initially tested on animals, especially rats or guineapigs and the effects of these drugs are then generalized on to humans a many clinical symptoms of animals are similar to what is expected in humans.Thus if new drugs are not effective or have adverse impact on animals, the same could be presumed in case of humans for the same drug. This generalization factor is important as companies and scientists claim that they use animals to understand the effects of drug on humans or simply to understand the structure and functions of human by studying animals as it would not be possible to study humans an d their body parts directly and it would also be completely wrong to apply new drugs or use new medicines for illnesses on humans directly without knowing what effects these would have on the body.In fact although before releasing a new drug in the market, companies conduct clinical trials on volunteers after testing these on animals and volunteers get paid for this. Yet the ethical aspect of this, or trying new drugs on humans is again debated but then this is the way medical research has to work otherwise new drugs will not be tested. It is again controversial whether new drugs could be tested artificially say with technical or robotic manipulation and whether drugs could be used on humans directly without testing on animals. How ethical would that be and thus there are two points here that touches on ethical issues.In the first case, animal testing would be unethical and yet testing medicines directly on humans without testing on humans would again be unethical as adverse consequ ences can directly affect human volunteers. For this reason it is almost necessary to test new drugs on animals first before testing them on humans as long as there is no suffering to animals and as long as there is some general research progress expected from such tests.Most people consider animal testing acceptable within limits. In one study by Fenwick and Fraser (2005), drug regulatory reviewers and pharmaceutical industry experts and scientists were interviewed to explore different perspectives on obstacles and opportunities of replacement, refinement and reduction or the three Rs in drug research and development (Fenwick and Fraser, 2005). The study found that most scientists and researcher generally tend to support the use of animals in medical research and suggested that the level of animal use is acceptable in pharmaceutical industry and replacing the use of animals would not be a feasible idea.Part II –Why animal testing is unethical and should not be usedIn the stu dy above by Fenwick and Fraser (2005) the three Rs have been considered as necessary in changing animal research. However this could be implausible as there are obstacles to applying the replacement or refinement of animal testing as there is a lack of non-animal alternatives and other alternatives may not fulfill the needs for statistical validity and industry. Also regulators could depart from certain patterns of animal use and in some cases commercial objectives are more important than following the three Rs. Less animal-testing could also jeopardize human safety according to some.However three Rs with replacement and refinement in testing could mean genetically modified animals and better animal models with drug use on gene actions and changes. The re-use of animals and using sufficient number of animals are also some of the issues. In some cases regulatory studies are combined so that animal data is minimized yet fulfill regulatory requirements.Fenwick and Fraser (2005) suggest ed that following the three Rs would be in accordance with industry priorities and validation of alternative methods would also be necessary. Greater consensus would be required in certain areas of disagreement related to animal testing according to the authors and these are issues related to death and re-use of animals and also whether pilot studies and alternative methods would contribute to reduction in the number of animals (Fenwick and Frazer, 2005).Thus animal use and testing is consider unethical due to matters related to death and reuse of animals and the use of too many animals could also be reduced with better more advanced tests that would require fewer samples and could be done more efficiently.Part III –Summary of both the viewsThus as seen, there are many reasons for which animal testing could be useful or even unethical. Death of animals would be suggesting against it and medial progress and usefulness for human drugs would be the strong points. It is important to develop alternative methods of testing that could replace the use of animals in medical research and according to Wilcox (1998), the US Food and Drug Administration or FDA is committed to facilitating the development and validation of new testing methods that could reduce or minimize the use of animals. The international science community has been challenged to develop and discover methods that could obviate the need for animals for extrapolation to human situations and conditions in case of pharmaceutical research.The appropriate mechanisms of toxicity and hazard and safety decisions should be known and the FDA is focused on protecting public health by successfully integrating science and social causes. The agency’s broad regulatory responsibilities relate to understanding the use of vaccines, drugs, blood supply and medical devices as also veterinary drugs and animal feed. The FDA has been in regulating the principles and alternatives of animal testing in medical resear ch.The FDA tries to identify the gaps between industry and academia especially in terms of communication or data gaps and methods gaps and supports in developing new research data and methods to find alternative methods of testing for drugs aiding in the regulatory decision making process. Wilcox (1998) suggests that a new paradigm introducing new and validated testing methods for the FDA scientists is emerging and this is responsible for application and acceptance of regulations in testing.A study by Williams et al (2007) investigated the use and impact of animal testing for research and teaching purposes and the awareness of these regulations among public and the opinions related to this. In a study by Williams et al, an independent telephone study was conducted to collect information on awareness and interest in the use of animal testing for medical research and whether individuals have confidence in such regulations and principles.The study obtained data from 750 individuals in NZ and 33% of the respondents expressed interest in the issue with 39% interested in animal testing for research and 21% showed interest for teaching purposes. Most respondents between 68%-72% suggested that animal testing would be acceptable if there is no unnecessary suffering to the animal and that regulated within the principles of medical research.However most people felt that animal research would be completely justified in case of research on life threatening and debilitating illnesses such as cancer and would also be justified when testing cosmetics and products that can do little or no harm to the animals.   8% of the respondents knew something about regulations dealing with animal testing in medical research.Williams et al (2007) thus suggested from the study that majority of the individuals were not interested in the issue although most who did accepted that animal testing is completely acceptable as long as there is no unnecessary suffering or in case of minimal advers ity or in case of medicines for life threatening illness. Thus there may be certain social opinions on the use of such drug trials on animals considering the seriousness of the research and the results expected.BibliographyAndreas-Holger MaehleGeneral Conclusions: Experimental Pharmacology and Therapeutic InnovationClio Medica/The Wellcome Series in the History of Medicine, â€Å"Drugs on Trial† by A-H. Maehle , pp. 311-315(5)Fenwick, N.P.;  Fraser, D.The Three Rs in the pharmaceutical industry: perspectives of scientists and regulatorsAnimal Welfare, Volume 14,  Number 4, 2005, pp. 367-377(11)Gerdts, Volker;  Littel-van den Hurk, Sylvia van Drunen;  Griebel, Philip J;  Babiuk, Lorne AUse of animal models in the development of human vaccinesFuture Microbiology, Volume 2,  Number 6, 2007, pp. 667-675(9)Roberts, Stephen M.Ethical Issues in the Use of Data from Testing of Human Subjects to Support Risk AssessmentHuman and Ecological Risk Assessment, Volume 7,  Numb er 6, 2001 , pp. 1569-1573(5)Williams, V.M.;  Dacre, I.T.;  Elliott, M.Public attitudes in New Zealand towards the use of animals for research, testing and teaching purposesNew Zealand Veterinary Journal, Volume 55,  Number 2, 2007, pp. 61-68(8)Wilcox N.L.FDA position on validation and acceptance of alternative methodsToxicology Letters, Volume 95, Supplement 1, 1998 , pp. 31-31(1)

Homework Invention and Transformation Key Points

Homework Invention and Transformation Key Points Invention of Homework: Who Is to Blame and Did He Hate Students That Much? Probably every student sitting over fill-in test sheets, verb lists or math problems has wondered at least once who designed the after-school learning process a.k.a. homework and why he did it. Obviously not for the love of science and learning, since such loads of homework just overburden students and make them sleepy and tired all the time. But why, then? Because students were too loud and nasty and so it was a kind of punishment to make them learn even at home? Or because a teacher was lazy, busy or absent and so students had to catch up with the curricula on their own? Well, the history of homework is not that dramatic or mysterious, but it does contain some useful insights that can benefit both students and teachers. A Bit of History Although no source provides clear mentioning of homework through the long history of education up to the 19th century, it is most probable that it existed in this or that form all along the way. Doing observations, composing verses and speeches in rhetoric in the antiquity, memorizing prayers and Biblical texts in the middle ages, acquiring knowledge about the natural world from books and from nature in times of the Industrial revolution – it all required work beyond classroom walls. Besides, methods of teaching and available supplies before the invention of the printing press meant that most things had to be learned by heart. So information was either copied from valuable books or from teacher’s voice and learned after classes, or learned in class through chanting and mnemonic tools, thus being homework done in class. Some cite Marcus Quintilian, a famous Roman orator and teacher, as a first person to explicitly assign homework, but there is no clear written evidence for it. However, Quintilian was a first humanist teacher who focused on the needs of child and benefits of early education, so his influence is recognized today even without reference to homeworking. The appearance of the printing press meant that books were made available to a much wider audience, and so opportunities to make kids study after classes efficiently became wider. Fiction and non-fiction literature of early modernity sometimes mention children learning their lessons after classes to be able to recite them in class on the next day. Thus homework was in full bloom long before the thorough overhaul of education in the 19th century and the establishment of a truly comprehensive and standardized educational system. Homework Timeline In the 19th century and closer to the 20th century needs of developing economy and advances in child psychology and physiology meant that educational approaches and beliefs had to be reconsidered if they were to prepare kids for the life in new conditions. Class time was limited and standardized, a content of study aligned all across the country and made more practical, teachers were certified and the outcome of education was also outlined in measurable terms. Learning was to be intense, but class time could not host all information and activities anymore. Thus homework became an important part of education, but it also became regulated and quantified, relying not only on memorization but on independent work and creativity as well. The name of Roberto Nevilis is sometimes connected to the history of homework but he cannot be credited with inventing something that actually existed long before. It is possible that he was the first to put forward a scientific foundation for how to assign homework, but we will never know it for sure. Nevertheless, the real value and proper rationing of homework were being tested and adjusted well into the 1930s, when an explosion in psychological studies helped understand educational needs of children and how they can be nurtured and supported, not destroyed, by homework. Namely, there are benchmarks that differentiate useful homework from a homework dispensed as a punishment: Educationally useful homework is feasible (i.e. practically sound and accomplishable) It is not excessively large and difficult (part of feasibility) It is dispensed when students are independent enough to study without a teacher. These are basic requirements that apply to any kind of homework. Thus when students claim that they cannot cope with homework load because it consumes all their time it means that the first two commandments of good homework are breached and its benefits rapidly decline. But how does homework work? It is not a pun, there are scientific explanations of the process of knowledge acquisition that do point to the necessity of homework. Read them through, and you will never doubt the necessity of homework as such. Today no one doubts that proper homework helps to consolidate the freshly acquired knowledge and provides an opportunity to work independently and to find out what pace and methods of learning work out for every particular student. Thus good homework targets at achieving these goals and at enabling students to get the maximum of benefits from every topic studied. in class, the material is newly acquired and comprehended. Everything happens in time-pressed manner, where after learning new topic students are to take tests, do exercises or engage in some other unrelated kind of activities because the curriculum is wide and time is scarce; to get a better understanding of material repetitive reading and analysis are required, and they can happen out of class only. So reading and analyzing at home improves understanding and internalizing of knowledge; scholarly concepts can be tricky to grasp in class on the go, so at home, where nothing distracts and time permits, their assimilation and memorization happen more easily and naturally; memorization cannot happen immediately, every student has their own memory capacities, and what one remembers immediately, the other can memorize only after reading it a dozen times; what is repeated at time intervals and rehearsed at home is learned much better than something learned in the classroom only; homework gives time and space to be creative, to come up with new ideas, play with them, research, and so on. So indeed it is a tool of boosting creativity and independence. But we will remind again, all these good things happen only when homework is feasible and limited in time. If all free time of students is consumed by learning only, the benefits of homework turn into downsides. Besides, when assigning homework teachers and instructors need to take into consideration that acquisition and internalization of material happen through various kinds of activities, not only through reading and writing. The learning process includes several stages: initial perception understanding of perceived concepts consolidation formation of skills application of skills in practice. Every mentioned stage needs its own methods of work, and teachers are to select combinations of these methods to include into homework so that every aspect of the learning process was involved and activated. It is a complex task indeed, but if performed properly, homework turns from a nightmare into a cool journey full of discoveries and wonders. Genuine Goals of Homework Believe it or not, but homework was not created out of spite towards naughty students. It was born out of necessity and proved its value across continents and times. Different countries apply different standards in regard to the amount of homework. There were times when this load was on the rise, then the tide receded and kids had more freedom, now the high tide of a home task is back again. But no matter where properly measured and diversified homework enables students to do more than in class and to do so in comfort: students can plan their work as they want they can study without someone assessing them they do not have to haste or put a stop in the middle of a sentence to turn the test in they choose the pace and rhythm they use all the sources they need. Thus home task supports the academic activities performed in the class and provides space for more activities that help students know more and study better. Indeed, they memorize the stuff learned in class, revise and refresh in memory previously learned things and consolidate and apply newly acquired skills. That’s the goal of a good education, and homework is an integral part of the path towards it. But in addition to these purely academic benefits, homework develops in students more general life-saving skills: responsibility, self-planning and will basics of self-education research and information evaluation skills, use of various sources information processing capacities (analysis, synthesis, hypothesizing, analogy, etc.). These primary and secondary goals and benefits can all be achieved – and are achieved – under a proper application of homework and its types. Combination of different varieties of assignments is a key to helping students learn and not killing their curiosity. But what are these types? Optimal Types and Scopes of Homework Types of homework are the same as types of work in class, and so a combination of several of them makes home learning not so boring and more effective: Initial acquisition of information from textbooks/lectures Written exercises Oral exercises Memorization exercises Creative tasks Large written projects Craft projects Lab work, experiments, field work. Each kind of work is valuable in itself, but when put together in moderate amounts and diversified, they work wonders when assigned for home performance. If you need any kind of the above-mentioned tasks, just let us know and you will get the A-grade assignment completed as fast as you need it. Homework and Improved Education: Mission Possible? So what’s the conclusion? It looks obvious now that canceling homework is implausible and senseless since it will hurt the educational process. After receiving information in class students need to consolidate it, refresh in memory and apply in practice. It all can be done successfully at home only when time permits and a student is relaxed. If all conditions of good homework are met, it will work wonders for students’ skills and grades. And of course, it is wrong to believe, as some teachers do, that homework is a way to discipline kids and teach them time management. It is not. It is neither a punishment nor a mechanical tool of oppression. It is a valuable addition to the class time that helps students learn better and learn more. But teachers should understand this role of homework and organize it properly and reasonably, in the first place. In other words, they should learn their lesson.

Systematic Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Systematic - Literature review Example Although IT managers do acknowledges the importance of NFRs, each one of them have different approach and ideas on how IT manager can effectively increase the safety, security, and overall performance of software. Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 2 Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Aims/Purpose of the Study ....................................................................... 5 1.2 Research Objectives ................................................................................. 5 1.3 Research Questions .................................................................................. 5 1.4 Significance of the Study ........................ ................................................. 6 1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study ......................................................... 7 2. ... .......................................................................................... 11 3.1 Data Collection Strategy .......................................................................... 11 3.1.1 Literature Review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 3.1.2 Research Interview †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 3.2 Research Ethics ....................................................................................... 13 3. Research Findings and Discussion .......................................................................... 15 4. Conclusion and Recommendations ......................................................................... 17 Appendix I – Summary of the Research Schedule ............................................................. 19 Appendix II – Semi-Structured Research Questionnaire ................................................... 20 Appendix III – Summary of Research Interview Results – Research Interviewee A ....... 21 Appendix III – Summary of Research Interview Results – Research Interviewee B ....... 23 Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 25 - 26 References ........................................................................................................................... 27 - 29 1. Introduction To be able to create and develop useful software system, it is necessary to identify what the customers want, analyze how to create software requirements, specify the software requirements, establish and manage the software requirements, verify and validate the systems’ requirements, maintain the usability and reliability of the system, an d finally document the process among others (Leffingwell and Widrig, 2003,

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 40

Assignment - Essay Example Other strengths include the expansion of the democratic space that has seen the women’s suffrage that allowed women to vote, and civil rights movements. All this events have occurred without causing an uprising against the liberal supreme rule of law. Religious pluralism represents another strength of classical liberalism (Crowards, 1995, p, 21). This has provide the best record of non-violent religious pluralism across the earth. Christians in the US from various denominations, Muslims, Hindus, Atheists, Jews, and Budhists live in peace as opposed to areas that apply a different form of leadership. Classical liberalism give a chance to the people to be leading immovators and producers in the world. Revealed and stated preference techniques belong to the discerned environmental decision-making processes, which rank individual preferences above and other element during the analysis and in the process ranking lowest the systems that escape direct application of individual preferences. They depend on advice and opinion from professional panels, policy makers, and other stakeholder groups when these decisionsAmong the areas analysed include putting emphasis on individual preferences above management concepts of complicated environmental systems yet the individual has little information that sometimes is inaccurate of any merit. According to them, this is one of the reasons informed people need to participate. It is essential to remember that at this moment, it is good to comprehend the particular role of information that informs the knowledge of individual preferences (Edwards, 1992, p. 43). Furthermore, considering the function of information in policy and assessment of damages is important. Environmental decision-making processes differ basing on either professional’s point view or preference of individuals. The striking difference between these approaches starts with disagreements over the concept of economic value used inputs. The inputs

Sotfware Trends Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sotfware Trends - Coursework Example More consumers are using tablets due to their portability and efficiency, and this pressurizes companies to accommodate the change (Gartner Group, 2015). Additionally, Gartner Group suggests that infinite data centers are emerging companies therefore should analyze asset use and support upgrades rather that considering fresh recycle. It is agreeable that energy management is a worrying concern because the rate of consumption of energy does not match the rate of production. There is a need to have energy information management systems to balance energy production and consumption. In the future, the increase in the use of mobile devices will make portals, data centers, and personal clouds shrink. Gartner Group further predicts integration of hybrid clouds in both the public and private systems. Fabric data centers integrating many common IT elements will also emerge to enjoy pooling of resources globally. The Increase in functionality causes the nature of the technology become more sophisticated than before. The future of software packages is in the â€Å"clouds.† Software applications will offer customer access to online platforms. The applications will have boundaries that empower customers in their interaction with production companies in facilitating reverse logistics. As organizations evolve, they face the challenge of acquiring sufficient and reliable storage space for their data. The problem will call for the creation of software that can handle massive data (Fujita & Gavrilova, 2011). In conclusion, users expect real-time solutions and more user-friendly software with improved interaction with humans, and this is the preview of what the future world of software development holds in store. Gartner Group, (2015).  10 Tech Trends Through 2015.  Photo Gallery. Retrieved 13 April 2015, from http://www.information-management.com/gallery/gartner-cloud-storage-big-data-

Human Resource Management in Practice. Explanation of human`s skills Assignment

Human Resource Management in Practice. Explanation of human`s skills - Assignment Example Business competencies involve understanding the needs of the business and proposing logical solution to the issues. It also involves business knowledge, efficiency in planning and execution as well as promotion of strategic thought process. In addition to this a development of practitioners also implies that interpersonal traits like the ability to generate confidence and trust, ability to influence the stakeholders, enhancing workforce diversity and proper networking between the stakeholders. Finally a practitioner must also display personal skills including adaptability and the ability to handle disputes and conflicts emerging in the activities among the individuals as well as grooming of the personality and development of individuals. Finally, sound technical skills and domain knowledge along with excellent intellectual abilities is a key towards developing the best practitioners so as to ensure organizational excellence (Erasmus, Loedolf & Hammann, 2010, p.27). The seminar and th e analysis of the topic helped in understanding the importance of time management and interpersonal skills that must be acquired for being an excellent practitioner. The importance of proper planning and execution was also understood as it is largely an essential trait towards development of the career as a practitioner. Communications and meeting skills Leadership is one of the most essential aspects for a successful organization. A successful business leader must essentially have excellent communication abilities as well as empathy in his/her behaviour. A leader must be able to effectively communicate in a manner so that the messages are effectively communicated and clearly understood by the employees and other individuals. A charismatic approach and a good persuasive power is one of the key aspects of communications that must be present in a good leader leading a business (Cohn & Moran, 2011, pp.1-3). Certain other aspects of good communication and meeting skills also include an ability to use effective language that induces individuals to listen actively to the communication. In a meeting the communication skills of the manager must be such that tends to capture the attention of the audience. Use of poor language should be avoided at all costs as it is totally unethical and improper to hurt any person’s sentiments. It is also necessary for a manager to have good ability to provide concrete feedbacks; in this context effective leaders also do not devote their entire time in a meeting speaking and relaying his/her own views and thoughts. An effective leader or a good manager always tries to be accommodative and also listens to what is being said and spoken from the other end. Patience is one key aspect that must be followed by a leader in a course of a formal meeting or interaction. These traits along with a proper vision and time management are the key drivers that can help generate effective business leaders (Bacal, 2004, p.140-146). The seminar hel ped in the learning process by helping analyse the importance communication in an effective leader. Real life role plays also gave a practical understanding of the aspect. The exercise

Tourism Issues in Egypt

Tourism Issues in Egypt This essay outlines tourism in Egypt and identifies the key issues surrounding tourism in Egypt and the consequences of tourism in Egypt. The essay discusses the positive and negative effects of tourism in Egypt and will consider ways in which any problems that tourism presented in Egypt might be addressed. Tourism in Egypt has a long history, thanks to the lure of tales of mummies and curses. People are still fascinated to see places such as the Valley of the Kings and the many and various temples and architecture that Egypt has to offer, in addition to the obligatory trip to the pyramids, down the Nile, and the visit to Cairo’s many museums. In addition, in recent decades, tourism to Egyptian beach resorts has also become popular, as these offer great opportunities for such activities as snorkelling and wind-surfing. These many opportunities for tourism in Egypt present many different problems to the ministry that is responsible for managing tourism within Egypt: a different approach to tourism management is required for the tombs in the Valley of the Kings than for the beach resorts, for example. Managing tourism within a country such as Egypt is also complicated by the fact that there are regular terrorist attacks on tourists in Egypt, as – in this post-9/11 world, when ordinary people are frightened of terrorism as never before – visitor numbers are down and are not likely to pick up until the international situation is resolved, meaning that the Government thus has less revenue to spend on managing tourism than previously. Whilst tourism brings in a great deal of revenue to Egypt, due to the large amounts of money that are spent by foreign tourists travelling to Egypt each year, tourism also presents many problems. The management of tourism is thus complex and many-faceted. For example, many hundreds of thousands of people visit the tombs at the Valley of the Kings each year. The tombs that are visited are archaeological relics, that are still being actively researched, and the presence of so many visitors to these tombs causes damage to these relics. The Egyptian Government does not want to stop visitors from visiting the tombs as this creates massive amounts of revenue for the country, and perhaps because of international pressure, as they are the patrimony of humankind, and thus a massive campaign underway to preserve the relics from the damage that is caused to them. This can be replicated for any of the archaeological sites that are popular for tourists: the presence of tourists causes problems fo r the preservation of the relics, and so preservation campaigns are underway to preserve, as best as possible, these relics of Egyptian history. These campaigns do not, often, work in practice, however: however many signs there are, requesting people not to walk up the pyramids, people will always wait for nightfall to do this, as the one or two guards that are posted as protection are not, generally, effective. The need to preserve such ancient relics is not unique to Egypt: Italy and Greece have similar problems. In addition to the problems that tourism presents to Egypt’s archaeological relics, tourism presents various environmental problems for Egypt. The recent craze for Egyptian beach holidays has presented problems for the environment in these resorts, and trips down the Nile cause a great deal of river pollution, for example. Increased tourism also increases the water demand, overall, which, in a land as dry as Egypt, presents many infrastructure problems and is causing water shortages in many parts of Egypt. Thus, whilst tourism has many positive effects for Egypt (mostly economic), the negative effects of tourism are many and varied and require many innovative solutions. In terms of the preservation of Egypt’s archaeological history, the Egyptian Government spends a huge amount on this programme, which leads to the argument that this money would be better used for development, and that if tourists didn’t travel to Egypt, the relics could be stored and/or fenced off, leading to a situation in which no money would need to be spent on preservation, and so could be spent on development. As, however, the archaeological history of Egypt is the patrimony of mankind, the Egyptian Government has a duty to care for this. In terms of the environmental impact of tourism, in beach resorts or on the Nile for example, tourism needs to be managed sustainably in order to ensure not only the preservation of the environment, but also the permanence of the tourist trade itself. After all, no tourists would want to travel to a filthy beach with no coral to see when snorkelling, yet many of the beach resorts in Egypt are dirty and the coral is being damaged through human impact. In a few years, if the situation is not improved, not only will the environment be damaged beyond repair, but the tourist trade will be zero, as people will simply not want to travel to these resorts. In addition to these negative effects, tourism can have negative effects on the culture of the country: when Westerners bring their Western ways to the country, this changes, almost imperceptibly, the attitudes of the local people, which, repeated many times, brings sea changes in the way in which local people think and act. Coca-Cola is all over Egypt, and many Egyptian men are no longer surprised to see Western girls wandering around in bikinis: the Egyptian culture is becoming more Westernised, due to the influence of television, but also due to the contact Egyptian people have with tourists. Tourism thus brings not only problems for archaeological preservation and the environment but also for the culture and social situation of Egyptians. What can be done to ward off such negative effects? An approach known as pro-poor tourism has been attempted in many countries, aiming to bring net benefits to developing countries, from tourism, whilst accepting the negative effects as part and parcel of the phenomena of tourism. The initiatives of pro-poor tourism movement (see Cattarinich, 2001) include economic initiatives, local sourcing, training, socio-cultural initiatives, including such things as cultural conservation projects and environmental and policy initiatives. Pro-poor tourism is usually implemented at the Government level, with the management of tourism being approached in such a way that whilst the net benefit is sought, the realisation is always present that tourism has negative effects that are unavoidable (i.e., as we have seen, the damage to archaeological sites and relics). This essay has provided an outline of tourism in Egypt, in terms of outlining why tourists travel to Egypt, and has identified the key issues surrounding tourism in Egypt and the consequences of tourism in Egypt. The essay discussed the positive and negative effects of tourism in Egypt and considered ways in which any problems that tourism presented in Egypt might be addressed, in terms of requiring Government-level coordination of tourism management, from a pro-poor tourist perspective. In conclusion, Egypt has a long history of tourism. As the seat of so many archaeological treasures, Egypt has a responsibility to preserve these treasures but also to allow these treasures to be seen by all those who wish to see them. This presents many problems for the management of tourism in Egypt. The new environmental problems that have been presented by the opening of beach resorts, present further problems for tourism management in Egypt. The essay concludes that the pro-poor approach to tourism management could be a useful tool for the management of tourism in Egypt. References Cattarinich, X. (2001). Pro-poor tourism initiatives in developing countries: analysis of secondary case studies. PPT Working Paper No. 8.

Wife of Martin Guerre :: essays research papers

Throughout my travels I had always been mistaken for Martin Guerre, that is how I have come to be here today. He was always spoken about with such respect. A dignified young man, from a well respected peasant family, it was a let down to me that I myself was not a respected man like this Martin. As these occurrences continued to happen I began to wonder about his life, why such a well respected man could leave his wife and son behind, I had been told that he had left his family in Artigues for many years, and they were waiting for his return. His father had past on, and the farm was now waiting for their master. I had no place to go and thought that if I am mistaken so many times for martin then maybe I could go to his household, my intentions were not to stay even this long, but only enough to collect some gold and silver. Over the last few days I have been drawn to the loving and caring nature of this household. Built on strong foundations I have been welcomed back like a triumpha nt army from a great war. Praised for returning, as if nothing had happened.. The feast that was prepared was like none that I had seen before, all they would do was listen to the stories of my travels. This family did not about the eight years that had past, without notice or communication, but relief that the family is complete again. My past has not been one that I have been proud of. I have not been loyal to my family, nor my Kingdom. My family has put a lot of trust in me, but I have let them down, traveling with the wars from town to town. I know it upsets them, and I cannot return to them. I do not want to put some more false hope in their hearts, as I am sure that my past will catch up with me, and again let them down. I am also not one who has abided by the law in the past, committing crimes of theft from many as I pass by, not two weeks ago had I stolen from a man traveling on the same road as I. But since I have come to this caring and loving family, I have seen what I myself have neglected and betrayed in my home town.

Hamas, hezbolla and islamic jihad Essay

Hamas is an Islamic resistance movement formed in 1987 to fight for Palestinian occupied land of Gaza strip, West bank and east Jerusalem. However, its initial creation was to destroy Israel and form a Palestinian Islamic state. It is highly known for its suicide bombings and other violence against Israeli military facilities and civilians. Despite these, Hamas has performed various social, military and political activities having provided social and welfare services, such as schools and hospital facilities to Palestinians. It dedicates much of its funds to the welfare, cultural and educational services, which are meant to influence Palestinians so as get their support in their military actions against Israeli. Most of these funds originated from OPEC countries such as Kuwait, Iran, and Saudi Arabia etc. Hezbollah or party of God is a political and paramilitary organization found in Lebanon. It was formed during the Lebanese civil war as the army of Shia followers and they were trained, organized and financed by Revolutionary Guards of Iran. Its main aim of creation was to put to an end Western colonialism, punish the phalaghists and develop a political Islamic nation in Lebanon. To many Western countries, it is considered a terrorist group after being connected to Beirut bombing in 1983, but to Arabian and Islamic countries it is viewed as an organization opposed to Western ideologies and policies. More so, it is highly popular in Lebanese and of them in support of its activities as to them it is legitimate organization. It receives its training, financial and military support from Iran. The organization has its leaders in Lebanese Government, a radio station and a satellites television as well as social and welfare programs such as provision of health and educational facilities. In addition, it is believed to be one of the first Islamic groups to use suicide bombing, assassination and kidnapping of foreigners so that they grievances could be attended to; but later on, they turned to military actions such as firing of missiles etc. Islamic Jihad refers to religious wars, which are declared by Muslims whenever they feel like their Islamic religion is being attacked or threatened. The Islamic groups or organizations have no big difference between them, as they were created to fight for certain grievances or policy changes those they felt inappropriate to the Islamic society. In most cases, they wage terrorist attacks and wars against their opponent without regard for the innocent citizens. They actions are out of desperation and bitterness, given the fact they have to rely on other Arabic and Islamic nations for military and financial support. Without these aid, they have no other way to let world know their grievances and that is why they have to use each and every opportunity to ensure that they point is home, even if its suicide bombing. They differ in terms of their location, financial and military powers, and possibly, their grievances. For instance, Hezbollah is more powerful in terms of its political, economic and social influence than Hamas, this can be attributed to the fact that it is highly effective in its tactics and its policies. The radical groups pose a very big danger to the United States, due to the fact they have a well trained and organized network of their dedicated army strategically positioned waiting for any chance to hit the Americans. These has been portrayed clearly in their current effort to bomb United Kingdom, though one may believe that they are enmity is focused towards Israel. Nevertheless, the fact remains that U. S. support is biased towards the Israelites hence the enmity. At the same time, Muslims believe in religious wars so to them war is part of their religion, hence when they kill a person in the name of protecting their religion they believe there is a reward. Lastly, the fact they are financed by other Islamic and Arabian countries implies that they have the means and the capabilities of attacking the U. S. For instance, Hezbollah was able to defeat Israel with the help of Iran out of Lebanon, and considering that, there is Muslim unity that it is just a matter of what believes. These forms their network which highly in detectable even with the most accurate detecting gadget. Before any negotiations are made, there are several factors, which should be considered: the inducement to commit a terrorist attack is highly determined by the result of a certain terrorist operation, hence the attack that has notably positive impact for the groups are highly and that is the only time when a negotiation is initiated. The Kurdish occupied territories of the Middle East came under the governance of indigenous Kurdish chiefs during the middle era, though they never formed a unified government. However, from 14th century the territories were incorporated to the Ottoman Empire. The incorporation of the Kurdish occupied regions of turkey of eastern Anatolia into turkey angered many Kurds and ended up in a long running war where many people lost their lives. There were major Kurdish conflict in the territory and it was declared a no go zone for foreigners by Turkish authorities for its military use in the year 1925 and 1965. However, turkey first president undertook serious actions to curb the Kurdish cultural and political activities, and this trend followed closely under his successors. For instance, a number of regions were put under martial law to curb the activities of Kurdistan workers party (PKK), and this resulted to severe violent guerilla warfare. This caused much of the country be evacuated and a number of Kurdish inhabited villages destroyed and various judicial execution carried out by both turkey and Kurdish. Since 1999, the state of affairs has cooled down with the abduction other PKK leader Abdullah Ocala, and with the European Union encouragement for official tolerance of Kurdish cultural actions. There are countries that have stake in the Kurdish, turkey and Iraq conflict. These include members of European Union and the western states like U. S, U. K. etc.